The tie is due to be played at Craven Cottage on Wednesday, 28th October, with kick-off set for 19:45 GMT.
The match will be broadcast live on Sky Sports in the UK, as will all ties from the competition this season. For overseas supporters, selected matches will be made available via the EFL's international broadcast partners.
Palace reached this stage by overcoming Middlesbrough at Selhurst Park last week.
Fulham, meanwhile, have had to eliminate two fellow London sides – AFC Wimbledon, 3-0 at Craven Cottage, and West Ham United, 3-2 at the London Stadium – to make it to the last 16.
The two clubs have only met once before in the League Cup – Fulham triumphing 2-0 at home in September 1966 – but Palace are unbeaten in their last nine trips to Craven Cottage, winning six of them.
If the match is level after 90 minutes, it will go straight to penalties to decide who advances; extra-time is only used in the Carabao Cup from the semi-finals onwards.
Palace have fallen away to Arsenal at the quarter-final stage of the competition in both of the last two seasons.
Once again this season, every Carabao Cup match is being broadcast live on Sky Sports for fans in the UK. For overseas supporters, selected matches will be made available via the EFL's international broadcast partners.
Ticketing information will be announced in due course.